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PRC Civil Code: Liability for Medical Malpractice
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Article 1219 Medical workers shall explain the illness situation and medical measures to a patient in diagnosis and treatment activities. Where a patient needs to undergo surgery, special examination or special treatment, the medical personnel shall promptly explain detailed medical risks, alternative medical solutions, etc. to the patient and obtain his explicit consent; where the patient is unable or unsuitable to be informed, the medical personnel shall explain to his immediate relatives and obtain their explicit consent.In the event of damage suffered by a patient due to failure of the medical personnel to perform the obligations in the preceding paragraph, the medical institution shall bear compensation liability.第一千二百一十九条 医务人员在诊疗活动中应当向患者说明病情和医疗措施。需要实施手术、特殊检查、特殊治疗的，医务人员应当及时向患者具体说明医疗风险、替代医疗方案等情况，并取得其明确同意；不能或者不宜向患者说明的，应当向患者的近亲属说明，并取得其明确同意。医务人员未尽到前款义务，造成患者损害的，医疗机构应当承担赔偿责任。
Article 1221 In the event that medical personnel fail to perform diagnosis and treatment obligations corresponding to the prevailing medical standards in diagnosis and treatment activities and cause a patient to suffer damage, the medical institution shall bear compensation liability.第一千二百二十一条 医务人员在诊疗活动中未尽到与当时的医疗水平相应的诊疗义务，造成患者损害的，医疗机构应当承担赔偿责任。
Article 1222 If any damage is caused to a patient in the course of medical diagnosis and treatment, the medical institution shall be presumed to be at fault under any of the following circumstances:(I) Violating laws, administrative regulations, rules or other relevant provisions on diagnosis and treatment practices;(II) Concealing or refusing to provide medical records relating to the dispute; or(III) Losing, forging, tampering with or illegally destroying medical records.第一千二百二十二条 患者在诊疗活动中受到损害，有下列情形之一的，推定医疗机构有过错：（一）违反法律、行政法规、规章以及其他有关诊疗规范的规定；（二）隐匿或者拒绝提供与纠纷有关的病历资料；（三）遗失、伪造、篡改或者违法销毁病历资料。
Article 1223 Where a patient suffers damage due to defects in drugs, disinfectants or medical equipment, or receipt of transfusion of unqualified blood, he may seek compensation from the drug marketing authorization holder, manufacturer or blood supply institution, or also may seek compensation from the medical institution. Where the patient seeks compensation from the medical institution, the medical institution, after it has made the compensation, shall have the right to recover the compensation from the liable drug marketing authorization holder, manufacturer, or blood supply institution.第一千二百二十三条 因药品、消毒产品、医疗器械的缺陷，或者输入不合格的血液造成患者损害的，患者可以向药品上市许可持有人、生产者、血液提供机构请求赔偿，也可以向医疗机构请求赔偿。患者向医疗机构请求赔偿的，医疗机构赔偿后，有权向负有责任的药品上市许可持有人、生产者、血液提供机构追偿。
Article 1224 Under any of the following circumstances, a medical institution shall not be liable to pay compensation in the event that a patient has suffered damage in diagnosis and treatment:(I) The patient or any of his close relatives fails to cooperate with the medical institution in the course of qualified medical diagnosis and treatment;(II) The medical staff have performed their reasonable obligation of diagnosis and treatment under emergency circumstances such as rescue of critically ill patients; or(III) It is difficult to treat the patient due to the limited existing medical level.For Item (I) of the preceding paragraph, the medical institution or its medical personnel at fault shall bear the corresponding compensation liability.第一千二百二十四条 患者在诊疗活动中受到损害，有下列情形之一的，医疗机构不承担赔偿责任：（一）患者或者其近亲属不配合医疗机构进行符合诊疗规范的诊疗；（二）医务人员在抢救生命垂危的患者等紧急情况下已经尽到合理诊疗义务；（三）限于当时的医疗水平难以诊疗。前款第一项情形中，医疗机构或者其医务人员也有过错的，应当承担相应的赔偿责任。
Article 1225 A medical institution and its medical personnel shall fill in and keep medical records such as hospitalization records, doctor's advices, inspection reports, operation and anesthesia records, pathological information, nursing records, etc. properly pursuant to the provisions.Where a patient asks for consultation or replication of medical records stipulated in the preceding paragraph, the medical institution shall promptly provide the same.第一千二百二十五条 医疗机构及其医务人员应当按照规定填写并妥善保管住院志、医嘱单、检验报告、手术及麻醉记录、病理资料、护理记录等病历资料。患者要求查阅、复制前款规定的病历资料的，医疗机构应当及时提供。
Article 1226 Medical institutions and their medical personnel shall keep confidential the privacy and personal information of a patient. Whoever divulges the privacy or personal information of a patient or discloses medical records of a patient without the patient's consent shall bear tortious liability.第一千二百二十六条 医疗机构及其医务人员应当对患者的隐私和个人信息保密。泄露患者的隐私和个人信息，或者未经患者同意公开其病历资料的，应当承担侵权责任。
Article 1227 No medical institution or medical personnel thereof shall carry out unnecessary checks in violation of diagnosis and treatment practices.第一千二百二十七条 医疗机构及其医务人员不得违反诊疗规范实施不必要的检查。
Article 1228 The legitimate rights and interests of medical institutions and their medical workers shall be protected by the law.Persons who disrupt medical order, hinder work or living of medical personnel, or harm the legitimate rights and interests of medical personnel shall bear legal liability pursuant to the law.第一千二百二十八条 医疗机构及其医务人员的合法权益受法律保护。干扰医疗秩序，妨碍医务人员工作、生活，侵害医务人员合法权益的，应当依法承担法律责任。
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